What is 3G Third Generation connectivity. Know in detail

International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000, better known as 3G or third generation, is defined by the International Telecommunications Union as the standard class for mobile telecommunications, including GSM Edge, UMTS and CDMA 2000, as well  DACT and WiMAX are included. 

Its services include wireless voice telephones, video calls over a wide area, and wireless data in mobile environments. 

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Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G helps automate speech and data services with higher data rates (up to 14.0 Mbit / s on downlink with HSPA and up to 5.8 Mbit / s on uplink).  

Thus, with the help of 3G networks, the network operator is able to offer a wide range of modern services to the user by achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency.  

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined the third generation (3G) of mobile telephony standards - IMT-2000 - to spur growth, increase bandwidth, and support more diverse applications.  

For example, GSM (currently the most popular cellular phone standard) can not only deliver voice, but also deliver circuit-switched data with download rates of up to 14.4 kbps. 

But to support mobile multimedia applications, 3G had to deliver packet-switched data over high bandwidth, with improved spectral efficiency.

History of 3G Connectivity

First Pre-commercial 3G Network:

The first pre-commercial 3G network, launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan-branded FOMA in May 2001, was inaugurated at the launch of W-CDMA technology.  

The first commercial opening of 3G was also inaugurated by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although initially its scope was very limited;  Its widespread availability was delayed due to issues raised on reliability.  

A second commercially run network was launched by SK Telecom in South Korea in January 2002 on 1xEV-DO technology.  

As of May 2002, a second South Korean 3G network was launched by KTF on ET-DO and thus Koreans were the first to compete among 3G operators.  

The first European pre-commercial network was on the Isle of Man of Manx Telecom, followed by Telenor, a British telecom-owned operator and the first commercial network for business in Europe, launched in December 2001. 

Which did not have any commercial handset and thus had no paying customers.  Both of these were on W-CDMA technology.

First commercial American 3G network:

The first commercial American 3G network was on the CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO, via the Monet mobile network, but this network provider subsequently ceased operations.

Second Commercial American 3G Network:

The second 3G network in the United States was Verizon Wireless in October 2003, also on the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO.  AT&T Mobility was also a de facto 3G network, completing its 3G upgrade to HSUPA.

The first commercial network in the southern hemisphere:

The first commercial demonstration network in the Southern Hemisphere was built by m.Net Corporation in Adelaide, Southern Australia in February 2002 using UMTS at 2100 MHz.  It was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress.  The first commercial network was started by Hutchison Telecommunications, branded as Three (March) in March 2003.

According to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA), in December 2007, 190 3G networks in 40 countries and 154 HSDA networks in 71 countries were operating.  Telecom companies from Asia, Europe, Canada and the US use W-CDMA technology to operate 3G mobile networks with support for around 100 terminal designs.

Features of 3G:

data rates

The ITU has not given a clear definition of the data rates expected of a 3G device or provider.  Thus the 3G service sold to users is not able to specify a standard and it can be said that the rates specified by it are not suitable. 

One comment stated that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit / s for static or dynamic users and a data rate of 348 kbit / s in a moving vehicle.

ITU does not actually explicitly specify minimum or average rates or does not state which form of interface qualifies for 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G so that the customer's broadband data  To meet the expectations of.

Security

3G networks provide greater security than 2G predecessors.  By allowing the UE (user device) to connect to the network, the user can ensure that the network intent is achieved, not just acting.  3G networks use KASUMI block crypto instead of older A5 / 1 stream ciphers.  However, several serious weaknesses have been found in the KASUMI cipher.  

In addition to 3G network infrastructure protection, end-to-end security is introduced when application frameworks such as IMS are available, although this is not strictly a property of 3G.  == 2G to Development == 2G Network was primarily built for voice services and slow data transmission.

2G To 2.5G

The first major step for the development of 3G is the introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Hence cellular services became '2.5G' with GPRS. GPRS can provide data rates ranging from 56 kbit / s to 114 kbit / s. 

It can be used for services such as wireless application protocol (WAP) access, multimedia messaging service (MMS), and Internet communications services such as email and worldwide web access. 

GPRS data transfers are typically performed (paid) per megabyte of transferred traffic, while data transmission via traditional circuit switching is by a per-minute bill of connection time, independent of whether the user is actually capable. 

Is using or is in an ideal state.  === 2.5G to 2.75G (EDGE) === GPRS network evolved into EDGE network with introduction of 8PSK encoding.  Increased Data Rates (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC) for the development of GSM is a backward compatible digital mobile phone technology that provides data transmission as an extension on top of the standard GSM  Does. 

EDGE's rate improvement can be considered 3G radio technology and is a part of the ITU's 3G definition, but is mostly called 2.75G. 

EDGE was deployed on the GSM network in early 2003 - initially launched by Cingular (now AT&T) in the US. 

EDGE is standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSMP class and is an upgrade that offers a potential threefold increase in GSM / GPRS network capacity. 

The specification achieves higher data rates for more sophisticated methods of coding (8PSK) within existing GSM timeslots.

Development towards 4G:

3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently working on expansion for 3G standards respectively, namely long term development and ultra mobile broadband.  Based on a full-IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO, these specifications already have features specific to IMT-Advanced (4G), the pioneer of 3G. 

However, due to the lack of bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit / s for static and 100 Gbit / s for mobile operations), these standards are classified as 3.9G or pre-4G.  3GPP plans meet 4G targets with LTE upgrades, while Qualcomm has stalled development of UMB in favor of the LTE class.

3G troubles

Although 3G has been successfully launched for users all over the world, there are still some issues between the users and the users.

• Expensive input fees for 3G service licenses in some jurisdictions

• Difference in license terms between states

• Level of credit offered by some telecom companies, which makes investment in 3G difficult.

• Lack of state aid for financially troubled operators

• 3G phone cost

• Lack of coverage in some areas

• Demand for broadband services in hand held equipment

• 3G phone battery life

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