Personal computer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for personal use. It is based on microprocessor technology. In business, it is used for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, spreadsheet and database management etc. Personal computers are used in the home for entertainment, for viewing e-mails and for preparing small documents.
The following are the main parts of a personal computer:
- CPU (CPU)
- Hard Disk
- CD drive
- Floppy Drive
- Monitor
- Mouse
- Key Board
- UPS
- Speaker
1. CPU
The full name of the CPU is Central Processing Unit. It is also called Processor or Microprocessor. It controls various devices connected to the PC. It analyzes the information received by the computer. It is an electronic microchip that processes data by transforming it into information. This is called Computer's Brain. It controls all the functions of the computer system and converts Input into Output. It consists of a complete computer system consisting of Input and Output unit.
The CPU has the following parts: -
Arithmetic Logic Unit
It is used in Arithmetic and Logical Calculation. Comparative calculation under Arithmetic calculation includes addition, subtraction, multiplication and division etc. and comparative calculation under Logical calculation like (<,> or =), yes or no etc.
Control Unit
It controls all the functions of the computer and coordinates all the activities of all parts of the computer such as Input, output devices, processors etc.
Memory Unit
It is used in collecting data and instructions. It is mainly divided into two classes Primary and Secondary memory. When the computer remains functional, that is, the data and instructions currently in use are stored in primary memory. Secondary memory is used to store the data and instructions used later.
2. Hard Disk
Hard disks are added within the system unit. It is an external storage device and is also known as the computer's Secondary memory. Even after shutting down the computer, the information stored on the hard disk remains the same. Information stored on the hard disk can also be modified later. The hard disk light is made of alloy and has a layer of magnetized oxide.
It rotates very fast on Disk Drive. The data is stored on the disk with dense tracks. These tracks are again divided into Sectors. Track index records directly. A Cylinder is named by combining all the Tracks of the same Records on all surfaces.
3. Disk Drive
Disk drives are used to read and write data stored on a CD-ROM or floppy disk. When we insert the disk into the disk drive, it rotates the disk with the help of a motor. All these disks permanently store data for future use, hence they are also called storage devices.
4. Floppy Disk
Floppy disk is a data storage device. It is a hardware device that is used to store data of a computer. It is a magnetic disk and floppy disk is portable compared to other hard disks which can be easily moved from one place to another. Because they can be easily removed from the computer's disk drive. The disk drives that are attached to the floppy disk are known as floppy driver.
While accessing the floppy disk takes more time as well as its storage capacity is also very less. But the main advantage of using floppy disk is that it is cheap. And most importantly, they are portable.
5. Monitor
Monitor is an output device. It is also called visual display unit. It is like watching TV. A monitor is one of the most important output devices. Without it, the computer is incomplete. It displays the output as Soft Copy on its screen. There are three types based on the colors displayed by the monitor.
- Monochrome
- Gray-Scale
- Color Monitors
Types of Monitor
- CRT Monitor
- Flat Panel Monitor
- LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
- LED ( Light Emitting Diode)
6. Mouse
Mouse 'is an input device used in computers. This helps to move the Cursor to the desired position of the panel and select the appropriate option by pressing its switch. It is a small device that can be operated by holding it in the palm on a hard flat surface. There is at least one button attached to it and sometimes three to five buttons are attached. It usually has two buttons and a circular button to move the cursor (optional pencil) up and down on the screen. This is especially important for the Graphical user interface. It (GUI) is the most used point input device in graphical user interface which was introduced in the new technology only after 1980.
When we have to touch or select something visible on the computer, we do it with the help of a mouse. Moving the mouse, the circular wheel below it sends instructions to move the pencil / arrow (cursor) on the screen up or down.
7. Keyboard
The keyboard is the most important input device of a computer. With this help, we enter text and numeric data as input into the computer. It is similar to a typewriter.
Keyboard is mainly used to enter commands, text, numerical data and other types of data in a computer. In order to interact with a user computer, input devices such as keyboard and mouse are used.
Types of Keyboard keys
- Alphanumeric Keys
- Numeric Keypad
- Function Key
- Special Purpose Keys
- Modifier Keys
- Curser Keys
8. UPS
The full name of UPS is Uninterruptible Power Supply. It is a battery-powered device through which a continuous power supply is maintained in the computer. It gives power to the computer when power is suddenly cut off from the main supply.
There is a battery inside the UPS, which can give power for 20-40 minutes. This gives us the advantage that we can shut down the computer properly when the power supply stops from the main supply.
9. Speaker
Speaker is a Computer Hardware output device, which is used to listen to the sound by connecting to the computer. Some special types of Speaker Computer are designed to connect. While other speakers can be attached to any device. But nowadays the monitor is being installed on the left and the right side of the speaker.
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