The SoGA report comprehensively analyzes air quality and its effects and trends on health globally. The report attempts to establish a relationship between air pollution and infant mortality in India.
Key Information Related To Soga Report:
According to the report, more than 116,000 newborns in India die due to air pollution. More than 50% of newborn deaths were associated with outdoor 'particulate matter' 2.5 (PM 2.5), while other causes of neonatal mortality included the use of solid fuels such as charcoal / charcoal, wood, and cow dung. PM 2.5 refers to particles or small droplets that have a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less and that is why it is also known as PM 2.5.
In the year 2019, more than 1.67 million people died of stroke, heart attack, diabetes, lung cancer, chronic lung diseases and neonatal diseases due to outdoor and indoor air pollution. Most of the newborn deaths in India were due to low birth weight and complications related to preterm birth.
Relationship between COVID-19 and Air Pollution:
Although the full relationship between air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet known, patients with heart and lungs have a higher risk of infection and death of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the increase in air pollution also increases the chances of heart and lung diseases increasing, so the rising air pollution level in South Asia can increase the probability of COVID-19 epidemic.
What is the real cause of air pollution in India:
According to the World Health Organization report (2016), 14 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world are located in North India, based on the concentration of PM 2.5. The following are the possible factors of air pollution in North India:
Meteorological Related:
During winter, North India is witness to 'thermal inversion' and steady air condition. In the case of steady / cool air, pollutants are not spread in the outer areas. Similarly, thermal contamination increases the concentration of pollutants near the surface, thereby reducing visibility.
Wind convergence zone:
The Indus-Gangetic Plain is a landlocked area. The Himalayas prevent the polluted air from moving north, known as the 'Valley Effect'. A 'low pressure trough' is formed in this region, which brings pollutants along with the surrounding winds.
Unorganized Alluvial Soil:
The Indus-Ganga belt is the largest area of continuous alluvial soil deposits. Alluvial soil contains unorganized soil particles. Thus, dry alluvial soil has an important contribution in the formation of air-borne dust.
Seasonal variation in PM particles:
Anthropogenic sources in the Indus-Ganga basin contribute to pollution. According to a study by IIT-Kanpur, PM 10 contributes 40 percent of the dust in summer, while in winter it is only 13 percent.
What can be done next? Further opinions
- Low and middle income countries should take necessary steps towards addressing the adverse effects on pregnancy and newborn health due to air pollution.
- National governments need to adopt a comprehensive strategy through strategic intervention to address the weaker groups of the society.
- Continuous government support is required to investigate indoor pollution caused by solid fuels.
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