Python is an interactive, object oriented, scripting, high-level programming language suitable for common tasks.  This language has been designed in such a way that the codes written in it can be easily read and understood.  It was created by Guido Van Rossum in 1991 at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Netherlands.  Unlike other programming languages, in which medium brackets ({}) are used to represent code-blocks, white space (white space) is used to represent code-blocks in Python.  The design philosophy of this language emphasizes on code readability.  Python claims that its syntax is very clear;  Its standard library is large and comprehensive.  Python often comes pre-installed with many Linux systems.
 Like other dynamic languages, Python is often used as a scripting language, but is sometimes used in a wide range of non-scripting contexts.  Using some tools, Python code can be packaged as a standalone executable program (executable program).  Python interruptors are available for many operating systems.

 From January 1, 2018, Python 2.7 was declared ‘Retire’ and is no longer maintained.  Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008 after a long period.  It was not compatible with Python 2.x.  Python was designed in the late 1980s.  Its implementation began in December 1989.

 1) Simple: Python is a simple language.  Reading a good Python program almost feels like reading English (but very strict English!).  This pseudo-code-nature of Python is one of its greatest strengths.


 2) Easy to learn: As you will see, Python is very easy to learn.


 3) Free and Open Source: Python is an example of a FLOSS (free / free and open source software).


 4) High level language:


 5) Portable: Due to its open-source nature, Python is available on many platforms.  You can use Python on Linux, Windows, Macintosh, Solaris, OS / 2, Amiga, AROS, AS / 400, BeOS, OS / 390, z / OS, Palm OS, QNX, VMS.


 6) Interpreted language: Python is not compiled the way C or C ++ etc. are compiled.  It is an integrated language.


 7) Object Oriented: Python supports process-oriented programming as well as object oriented programming.


 8) Extensible: If you want a part of a program to run very fast, then you can achieve this goal by writing that part in C.


 9) Comprehensive library: Python’s standard library is really huge.  This is its great power.


 10) embeddable




 

 Python’s standard library is very large and is seen as one of Python’s greatest strengths.  This library is suitable for a wide range of tasks.  It has a module for creating a graphical user interface (GUI), a module for data exchange from relational databases, a module for arithmetic and arbitrary precision decimal, a module for regular expression and a module for unit testing.


 As of March 2014, the Python Package Index (PyPI, the official dictionary of Python software created by other parties) contains 130,000 packages.  Some of the main ones are:


 Graphical user interfaces


 Web frameworks


 Multimedia


 Databases


 Networking


 Test frameworks


 Automation


 Web scraping [93]


 Documentation


 System administration


 Scientific computing


 Text processing


 Image processing


 Symbolic Maths

 CPython – is the basic implementation of Python.  It is written in C.  It converts Python into a bytecode that its virtual machine runs.  A large standard library comes with cPython written in C and Python.  It is available for other Unix-like platforms including Windows.

 PyPy is a fast running Python 2.7 and 3.5 interpreter.  It has a ‘just-in-time compiler’ due to which the speed of the code becomes much faster than that of sepithon.


 Stackless Python – Very suitable for massively concurrent programs


 MicroPython and CircuitPython – These are altered variants of Pyth3 that are optimized for microcontrollers.

 OMPC – Used to convert Matlab / GNU octave code into Python code


 LiberMate – To convert Matlab code into Python


 Oct2Py-– To run GNU Octave / Matlab functions directly in Python.  For this, Python runs the GNU Octave / Matlab program and takes the results from there into Python.


 PyInstaller, Py2exe – convert Python scripts into exe programs so that they can be run automatically without any other programs.


 Cython, LibPython, Nuikta, PyPy – To convert Python to C or C ++.  The code thus compiled will run many times faster than the original Python program when compiled and run.


 Numba – Anaconda-sponsored Python’s Open Source Optimizing Compiler






 

 The two libraries are different and sometimes do not run into each other.


 Better support for Unicode is provided in Python 3.  The default string type in Python 2 is ASCII while the default string type in Python is Unicode.


 Python 3 improves integer speech.


 Both versions have different print statements.


 Python 2: raw_input () python 3: input ().


 The xrange () present in Python 2.x is not present in Python 3.

 Code that gives the same output in both Python 2.x and Python 3.x


 An output like Python 3 can be taken from the code of Python 2 using __future__.  That is, that code will run in both Python and give the same output.


 from __future__ import division
 print 7/5
 print-7/5 output
 1.4
 -1.4


 Applications / companies using Python

1) Coral


 2) D-Link


 3) Eve – online


 4) Gaming


 5) Hacking


 4) MMORPG


 4) Honeywell


 4) HP


 4) Industrial Lighting and Music


 10) Philips


 11) United Space Alliance