Pollution: A Threat to Our Life Or Pollution: Need for Environmental Consciousness Or Environmental Pollution Essay for students in English

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Pollution: A Threat to Our Life Or Pollution: Need for Environmental Consciousness Or Environmental Pollution  Essay 

Unstable lifestyles and consumption patterns of industrialized countries have led to the worst environmental degradation. In 1992, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1 highlighted the fact that poverty is the main setback for poor and developing countries in controlling and improving environmental pollution. It called for a global partnership for environmental protection. Agenda 21, adopted in Rio de Janeiro, addressed the serious problems of the day with more than 2500 recommendations for action in the social and economic sectors, such as combating poverty, changing patterns of production and consumption, conservation of natural resources and Management, protecting the environment, oceans and biodiversity, preventing deforestation, and protecting sustainable agriculture.

Major environmental problems are recognized as global climate change, ozone depletion, water and air pollution, deforestation, dry resource degradation. The burning of fossil fuels releases 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air, creating a greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases are mainly contributed by industrialized countries. By the middle of the 21st century, at current levels of heat emissions, Earth’s temperature will rise by one to three degrees Celsius, and sea levels will rise between 30 and 100 centimeters.

India has witnessed alarming environmental degradation over the past two decades. It is the sixth largest and second fastest producer of greenhouse gases. The major environmental pollutants related to industries in India are water pollution, soil erosion, groundwater contamination and deforestation. Indian rivers also suffer from high levels of pollution due to heavy municipal waste, industrial effluents and agricultural runoff. According to expert findings, 70 percent of India’s surface water is severely polluted. According to the government statement in 1992, three quarters of the total wastewater generation is due to municipal waste which is half of the total pollution load.

As a result, fresh water resources are being depleted very rapidly and water-borne diseases are on the rise, which account for 2/3 of the total disease in India. Air pollution in India is highest at 64 per cent from vehicular sources, 16 per cent by thermal power, 13 per cent by industry and climate sector and 7 per cent. respectively. Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi have very high average levels of suspended particulate matter and are included in this list of ten metropolitan cities in the world. These cities have reached a critical level, while Kanpur, Nagpur and Ahmedabad have reached the same level. Chennai is found to be moderate.

With regard to land pollution, it is the disposal of solid and toxic municipal and industrial wastes. The average production of solid waste per capita in India is 360 to 400 grams per day. This waste causes respiratory diseases.

In the matter of pollution control for environmental improvement, it is very important to note that sustainable development requires partnerships with poverty-stricken and developing countries of highly industrialized countries. This implies the help of the former to the latter, which involves the transfer of the latest non-polluting technology. This has been the main pressure in the Rio-declaration. In June 1997, the Earth Plus Five Summit was held in New York to review the program adopted in ‘Agenda 21’. The conference concluded that the targets had not been achieved – annual emissions of carbon dioxide, responsible for global warming, continued to rise, freshwater shortages persisted, and forest cover reduction was not being checked. Another conference was held in December 1997 in Kyoto, a Japanese resort, to investigate global warming. Participants agreed to complete the binding target between 2008 and 2012.

Steps to control pollution in India include environmental clearances for major industrial activities based on impact assessment before site selection. Another important step is to introduce unleaded petrol, low-sulfur diesel and higher emission norms in a phased manner across the country. In addition, efforts to control pollution in 22 industries in various severely polluted towns and cities are to be intensified. Industries have to comply with such emission and effluent standards as may be notified in a time bound manner.

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